Dns Zone Transfer Attack 2 - 1409 Words

Table of Contents DNS ZONE Transfer Attack 2 Network Scanner: 2 DNS SERVER: 3 BIND Installation 3 Zone transfer attack using FIERCE: 5 Protect DNS Zone Transfer Attack: 7 DNS Spoofing using Ettercap: 7 Forge DNS entries 8 DNS Spoofing Configuration 8 CVSS Scores Vulnerability Types 10 DNS ZONE Transfer Attack Network Scanner: Nmap stands for Network Mapper is a free and open source application for network ip address scanning and port scanning with kali Linux. We are using nmap as the scanning engine, to do the scanning searching of available host, along with that we will identify the ip address of the host and open port numbers. We are scanning the network to find the available ip address host and corresponding open port on each host operating system. Command: nmap –T4 –A –v 192.168.215.0/24 This command will initiate the arp scanning and scanning the 255 host in the network. Nmap find the host of 192.168.215.150 availability and skip the host down. The above screenshot shows the ip address details of 192.168.215.150, and opening ports of 139,445 and 135. The scan reports three ports opened. 139 NetBIOS port, 445 file sharing port and 135 port net bios ports. DNS SERVER: Domain name server configuration, domain name server is designed to resolve the ip address to name and name to ip address. This process of resolution carried through forward lookup zone and reverse lookup zone. DNS has been designed to work with DHCP server; dhcp will provideShow MoreRelatedUsing Security Measures For Dns1609 Words   |  7 PagesSystem (DNS) has evolved as the most important network service which connects networking resources to a private network and the internet. But along with the rise in the importance of DNS, it has also become a vulnerable link in the internet security as it is the internet’s primary directory service used for properly traversing through the present networking infrastructure. Even though DNS is the core fabric of the today’s network, there is no standard security framework available for DNS. EveryRead MoreIdentification Of The Most Significant Facts1263 Words   |  6 PagesSignificant Facts The first and most important fact is the acknowledgment that DNS was not designed or implemented with a security centric focus (Yang, Osterweil, Massey, Lu, Zhang, n.d. p. 2). As a result of the lack of security focus during DNS development, DNS was not design for cryptographic scalability, heterogeneity, deployment, operation, and monitoring (Yang, Osterweil, Massey, Lu, Zhang, n.d. pp. 13 14). Retrofitting DNS with security extensions (DNSSEC) has been a difficult, complicated,Read MoreSecuring The Steering Wheel Of The Internet3306 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: 3 The Attack Surface of the DNS System: 4 Development Timeline of a Secure BIND DNS Server Implementation: 5 Zone Transfer Security Issues: 5 Software Code Vulnerability - Format String Vulnerability in nslookupComplain() Function (CVE-2001-0013) 6 DNS Cache Poisoning: 7 Advanced DNS Cache Poisoning and the Kaminsky DNS Attack: 8 DNS Server Advanced Protection Techniques 9 DNS Server Operating System Hardening: 9 Authenticated DNS Server-to-Server Communication: 10 The Integrity of DNS Data, andRead MoreARTICLE SUMMARY1028 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿test3 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. _T_ 1. An ethical hacker is a person who performs most of the same activities a cracker does, but with the owner or company’s permission. __T__ 2. Even though the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification is not geared toward the technical IT professional, it has become one of the standards for many security professionals. __F__ 3. To retrieve e-mail from a mail server, you most likelyRead MoreNetwork Design Proposal. Part 1: Network Services Design.1120 Words   |  5 Pageseffectively. DNS Service- It will help in translating the domain names into their corresponding IP addresses. The network will have primary and secondary zones that will be synchronized. The secondary zone will act as a backup in case the primary zone fails. Synchronization will be achieved by the secondary zones requesting updates from the primary zone data. Network performance will be improved by redistributing several DNS query loads across several computers, and also through caching [2]. The localRead MoreQuestions On Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 51577 Words   |  7 PagesProtocol 5 Network Time Protocol 6 OpenLDAP 7 Security Considerations 7 Monitoring and Logging 8 Performance 9 Conclusion 9 â€Æ' Introduction and Goals The goals of this lab were to install DNS, DHCP, NTP and OpenLDAP on a new RLES Red Had Enterprise Linux server within the jps5374.corp domain. Both DHCP and DNS were services that I have implemented before in System Administration I, so this section was mostly review. However, NTP and OpenLDAP were services that I’ve never worked with, so this labRead MoreThe Dangers Of The College Faces Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause it includes the human variable. Part 2. Ports and services of the system open in zenmap scan are: i. Open port number: 21,22,23,25,53,80,111,139,445,512,513,514,1099,1524,2049,2121,3306,5432,5900,6000,6667 ii. Open Services name for zenmap scan are: ftp, ssh, telnet, smtp, http, ssn, dns, shell, rpc, mysql. iii. Brief description of how each is used are: FTP: ftp stands for file transfer protocol. It is used to transfer computer files between a client and server onRead More The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesmilitary research including Universities doing military-funded research. The reliable networking part involved dynamic rerouting. (Levine 12) If one of the computers was under enemy attack, the information could be automatically transferred to other links. Fortunately, the Net is not usually under enemy attack. The ARPANET was very successful, and every university in the country wanted to sign up. Because so many people wanted to use the Net, ARPANET started getting hard to manage, especiallyRead MoreEssay on Chatp 8 Review Qs3435 Words   |  14 PagesMicrosoft DNS or a free open source version of DNS that one of the system programmers likes. What are some reasons for using Microsoft DNS? (Choose all that apply.) Answer: c. Microsoft DNS is fully compatible with Active Directory. and d. Microsoft DNS can be replicated through Active Directory. Your colleague at another company has installed DNS, but it is not mapping computer names to IP addresses. Which of the following might be the problem? (Choose all that apply.) Answer: a. DNS lookup zoneRead MoreProposal For Their Integration Of Windows Server2418 Words   |  10 Pagescorporation. Both locations New York and Los Angeles will be interconnected by Active Directory servers centralizing your corporation. I will explain each feature and how it will benefit your company in detail, utilizing Active Directory, Group Policies, DNS (Distributed Name Service) along with DHCP, File Services and Printer Sharing. Well Worldwide Advertising, Inc, this network design will allow you to effectively manage your employees providing you with a range of tools to monitor and ensure no resources

Benefits Of Supply Chains Going Green - 1388 Words

The discussion of supply chains going green has become a bone of contention among major stakeholders in the industry. The discussion started after the Carbon disclosure project released a report indicating that supply chains contributed greatly to the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. Due to the report, pressure has been mounting on the administration of supply chains to implement strategies on their carbon management. Analysts have however stated that there are various pros and cons of the supply chains going green, which have to be considered in the implementation of carbon management strategies. This paper analyzes the pros and cons of supply chains going green. Advantages of supply chains going green Improvement in financial†¦show more content†¦It is however important for companies to understand that the improvement of financial performance as a result of going green is not immediate since the company has to adjust in its operations, which might take a while to adjust to (Palevich, 2012). Resource sustainability Through the move by supply chains to go green, there is an effective utilization of available resources. Going at the current rate where carbon emissions have increased, the environment is being compromised and the future generations may have a problem in producing even the basic products that they may need. Additionally, environmentalists have warned of the increase in global temperatures that are affecting climate. With the decision to go green by the supply chains, the carbon emissions will be reduced at a certain percentage, which is important for the conservation of the environment. Increase in efficiency Through the effective management of resources, chances are that efficiency will be embraced. When supply chains go green, resources are limited and this translates to development of effective models that not only focus on reduce carbon emissions but also improving efficiency through the limited resources. Through efficiency, production of hazardous substances will be reduced and organizations will not have to be fined for violation of regulations regarding the environment (Laloux, 2014). Competitive advantage and differentiation of products

Emma of Normandy Twice Queen Consort of England

Emma of Normandy (~985 – March 6, 1052) was a  Viking queen of England, married to successive English kings: the Anglo-Saxon Aethelred the Unready, then Cnut the Great. She was also the mother of King Harthacnut and King Edward the Confessor. William the Conqueror claimed the throne in part through his connection to Emma.  She was also known as Aelfgifu. Much of what we know of Emma of Normandy is from the Encomium Emmae Reginae, a writing probably commissioned by Emma and written to praise her and her accomplishments.  Other evidence comes from a few official documents of the time, and from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles and other medieval chronicles. Family Heritage Emma was one of the children of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, by his mistress Gunnora. After they married, their children were legitimized.  Gunnora had Norman and Danish heritage and Richard was the grandson of the Viking Rollo who conquered and then ruled Normandy. Marriage to Aethelred Unraed When Aethelred (known as The Unready or, in a better translation, The Ill-Advised), Anglo-Saxon king of England, was widowed and wanted a second wife, he may have considered marrying  Emma, to ensure peace with Normandy. She was a daughter of the Norman Viking rulers, from where many of the Viking raids on England were originating.  Emma arrived in England and married Aethelred in 1002.  She was given the name Aelfgifu by the Anglo-Saxons. She had three children by Aethelred, two sons and a daughter. In 1013, the Danes invaded England, led by Sweyn Forkbeard, and Emma and her three children fled to Normandy. Sweyn succeeded in toppling Aethelred, who also fled to Normandy. Sweyn died suddenly the next year, and while the Danes supported the succession of Sweyn’s son, Cnut (or Canute), the English nobility negotiated with Aethelred to return. Their agreement, setting conditions for their relationship going forward, is considered the first such between a king and his subjects. Cnut, who was also ruling Denmark and Norway, withdrew from England in 1014.  One of Emma’s stepsons, Aethelred’s heir and eldest, died in June of 1014. His brother, Edmund Ironside, rebelled against his father’s rule.  Emma allied herself with Eadric Streona, an advisor and husband of one of Emma’s stepdaughters. Edmund Ironside joined forces with Aethelred when Cnut returned in 1015.  Cnut agreed to divide the realm with Edmund after Aethelred died in April of 1016, but when Edmund died in November of that year, Cnut became sole ruler of England.  Emma continued to defend against Cnut’s forces. Second Marriage Whether Cnut forced Emma to marry him, or Emma negotiated the marriage with him, is not certain.  Cnut, on their marriage, allowed her two sons to return to Normandy. Cnut sent his first wife, a Mercian also named Aelfgifu, to Norway with their son Sweyn when he married Emma.  Cnut and Emma’s relationship seems to have developed into a respectful and even fond relationship, more than just a political convenience.  After 1020, her name begins to appear more often in official documents, implying an acceptance of her role as queen consort. They had two children together: a son, Harthacnut, and a daughter, known as Gunhilda of Denmark. In 1025, Cnut sent his daughter by Emma, Gunhilda, daughter of Emma and Cnut, to Germany to be raised, so that she could marry the king of Germany, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, as part of a peace treaty with the Germans over a border with Denmark. Battles of the Brothers Cnut died in 1035, and his sons contended for succession in England.  A son by his first wife, Harold Harefoot, became regent in England, as he was the only one of Cnut’s sons in England at the time of Cnut’s death.  Cnut’s son by Emma, Harthacnut, became King of Denmark; Cnut’s son Sweyn or Svein by his first wife, had ruled there from 1030 until his death around the same time as Cnut’s death. Harthacnut returned to England to challenge Harold’s rule in 1036, bringing Emma’s sons by Aethelred back to England to help consolidate his claim. (The Encomium claims Harold lured Edward and Alfred to England.)  Harthacnut was frequently absent from England, returning to Denmark, and those absences led many in England to support Harold over Harthacnut. Harold became officially the king in 1037. Harold’s forces captured and blinded Alfred Aetheling, Emma and Aethelred’s younger son, who died of his injuries.  Edward fled to Normandy, and Emma fled to Flanders. In 1036, the marriage of Gunhilda and Henry III, arranged before Cnut’s death, took place in Germany. King Harthacnut In 1040, having consolidated his power in Denmark, Harthacnut prepared for another invasion of England.  Harold died, and Harthacnut took the crown, Emma returning to England.  Edward the Confessor, Emma’s older son by Aethelred, was given control of Essex, and Emma served as regent for Edward until his return to England in 1041. Harthacnut died in June of 1042.  Magnus the Noble, an illegitimate son of Olaf II of Norway, had succeeded Cnut’s son Sweyn in Norway in 1035, and Emma backed him on Harthacnut’s over her son Edward. Magnus ruled Denmark from 1042 until his death in 1047. King Edward the Confessor   In England, Emma’s son Edward the Confessor won the crown.  He married the well-educated Edith of Wessex, a daughter of Godwin who had been created Earl of Wessex by Cnut.  (Godwin had been among those who killed Edward’s brother Alfred Aetheling.)  Edward and Edith had no children. Probably because Emma had backed Magnus over Edward, she played little part in Edward’s reign. Edward the Confessor was king of England until 1066, when Harold Godwinson, brother of Edith of Wessex, succeeded him. Shortly after, the Normans under William the Conqueror invaded, defeating and killing Harold. Death of Emma Emma of Normandy died at Winchester on March 6, 1052.  She had lived mostly at Winchester when she was in England– that is, when she was not in exile on the continent – from the time of her marriage to Aethelred in 1002. Emma’s great-nephew, William the Conqueror, asserted his right to the crown of England in part through being related to Emma. Related: Women of the 10th Century,  Aethelflaed,  Matilda of Flanders, Matilda of Scotland, the Empress Matilda,  Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois Family Heritage: Mother: Gunnora, from a powerful Norman familyFather: Richard I of  Normandy, son of  William I of Normandy  by Sprota, a captured concubine from Brittany.Siblings included: Richard II of Normandy (grandfather of William the Conqueror), Robert II (Archbishop of Rouen), Maud (married Odo II, Count of Blois), Hawise (married Geoffrey I of Brittany) Marriage, Children: Husband: Aethelred Unraed (probably best translated â€Å"ill-advised† rather than â€Å"unready†) (married 1002; king of England )He was the son of  Aelfthryth  and King Edgar the PeaceableChildren of Aethelred and EmmaEdward the Confessor (about 1003 to January 1066)Goda of England (Godgifu, about 1004 – about 1047), married Drogo of Mantes about 1024 and had children, then Eustace II of Boulogne, without offspringAlfred Aetheling (? – 1036)Aethelred had six other sons and several daughters from his first marriage to  Aelfgifu, includingAethelstan AethelingEdmund IronsideEadgyth (Edith), married Eadric StreonaHusband: Cnut the Great, King of England, Denmark and NorwayHe was the son of Svein (Sweyn or Sven) Forkbeard and Ã…Å¡wiÄ™tosÅ‚awa (Sigrid or Gunhild).Children of Cnut and Emma:Harthacnut (about 1018 – June 8, 1042)Gunhilda of Denmark (about 1020 – July 18, 1038), married Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, without offspringCnut had other children by his first wife, Aelfgifu, includingSvein of NorwayHarold Harefoot

Fast Food Public Relation Blunders - 2089 Words

Fast Food Public Relation Blunders Sam Powers Bridgewater State University Author Note This paper was prepared for COMM 226 Introduction to Public Relations Spring 2015 Fast Food Public Relation Blunders Introduction Fast Food can be defined as quickly made food that is sold in restaurants as a quick meal or to be taken out. The first fast food restaurants came around the 1920’s and have since then, blown up to be its own part of American Culture. Chances are, if you live in the United States there is a fast food restaurant within a mile of your house. As the century progressed these fast food restaurants expanded to countless countries across the world becoming a big part of peoples everyday lives. Since there are countless fast food franchises selling generally the same products, the market is extremely competitive. Fast Food franchises participate in aggressive marketing and are always trying to stay in the good graces of the public eye. One slip up and chances are they are going to lose a vast amount of business. As much as they try though there is no possible way they would be able to anticipate some of the public relations blunders that occur especially in an age where there are eyes everywhere in the form of cameras and social media. One of the biggest public relations disasters in recent memory involved the fast food pizza delivery franchise Domino’s and another more recently involving Starbucks. Domino’s Pizza Domino’s is a pizza deliveryShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Marketing Mix2641 Words   |  11 PagesMcDonald’s Marketing Mix Product McDonald’s serves such fast foods as hamburger, Chicken products, Cheese burger, breakfast items, French fries, milkshakes, desserts and soft drinks. Recently, the company has ventured into the healthy foods category, serving wraps, salads and fruits. This is an endeavor by the company to counter the trend in obesity attributed to the consumption of fast food. McDonald’s products are standardized and sold under the same brand to suit the needs of the target marketRead MoreBritish Airways Change Management3212 Words   |  13 PagesEnvironment: Micro environment in business is a specific area of elements which impact the organisation’s ability to serve its customers. Organisational micro environment factors consist of customers, competitors, suppliers, marketing and the general public. Macro environment is external factors of an organisation which are uncontrollable that influence in decision making and effects on performance and strategies. These include political, economic, social, technological and natural forces. It alsoRead MoreSummary Marketing2858 Words   |  12 Pagesmarketing investment divided by the costs of the marketing investment. Marketers are using customer-centered measures of marketing impact, such as customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer lifetime value. Increased customer equity in relation to the cost of the marketing investments, determines return on marketing investment. A company’s success depends on how well each department performs its customer value-adding activities and how well the departments work together to serve theRead MoreMarketing Environment5847 Words   |  24 Pageslegal issues, and technological advances. In this study, we are going to evaluate the extent to which the macro-environment affects marketing decisions. â€Å"Companies and their suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, competitors, and publics al operate in a macro environment of forces and trends that shape opportunities and pose threats. These forces represent ‘noncontrollables’, which the company must monitor and respond to†. (Kotler, Millennium Edition) Although these forces areRead MoreService Marketing-Pizza Hut13362 Words   |  54 Pages29 Pizza Hut Competitive Advantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦32 Restaurant Management/ job description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦39 Present promotion and Pricing strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦41 Trend Spotting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..43 Government Regulations in Fast Food Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...45 Existing Marketing Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.51 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..55 Company profile Company History: Pizza Hut Inc Read MoreMichael D. Brown and Emergency Management Essay5077 Words   |  21 PagesDisaster assistance 11 3. Various programs 12 The Weakness of FEMA 12 1. Vague role definition 12 2. Staffing problems 13 3. Problem with motivation 14 4. Absorption into DHS 14 5. Problematic strategies 16 6. Poor communication 16 7. Public relation 17 The Proposed Change 18 1. Competent leadership 18 2. Conflict management 19 3. Communication 19 4. Structural change 20 5. Monitor employee attitudes 20 6. Continuous improvement 21 Conclusion 22 References 23 Introduction HurricaneRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagesâ€Å"Retailing characteristics of fast food stores and their impact on customer sales and satisfaction† By:- Rajul Bhardwaj Lecturer, Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar(Uttarakhand), India Table Of Contents:- ï  ¶ Chap-1 Introduction 1.1 Global Retailing Industry..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2 The Far East Experience..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 The Changing Food Retailing sector in Asia.. 1.4 Recognition of a Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Objectives ofRead MoreCrisis Management - Case Study6562 Words   |  27 Pagesoperation that can have negative consequences if not handled properly. It can create three related threats 1) Public safety 2) Financial loss 3) Reputation loss. It damages the organization in terms of finance. The primary concern in a crisis has to be public safety. If failure to address public safety intensifies the damage from crisis reputation and financial concern are considered after public safety has been remedied. Barton (2001), Coombs (2007a), and Fearn –Banks (2001) have noted how a CMP savesRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesmisunderstandings. For these intercultural businesses to breach the cultural barriers encountered when stepping into foreign grounds it is vital for them to fully understand the cultural differences that exist so as to prevent damaging business relations due to intercultural communication gaps. There are many theories that set principles to help interpret the basis of intercultural communication. These theories help to iron out possible ripples of misunderstanding by giving a basic guideline onRead MoreA Literature Review on International Business8061 Words   |  33 Pagesorder in the world trade industry. The GATT’s roots can be traced towards the end of the Second World War, where a number of international organizations where set in motion in order to create institutional structures for the conduct of international relations in the post-world war. One of the most important negotiating processes at the time was the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, held in Havana, Cuba, in 1947, which led to the adoption of the Havana Charter. For many reasons, including

Comp122 Week 2 Homework Free Essays

Week 2 Homework Complete the following problems. 1. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; char ch; What values (if any) are assigned to x, y, and ch after each of these statements execute? Assume that the input to each statement is the same:5 28 36 a. We will write a custom essay sample on Comp122 Week 2 Homework or any similar topic only for you Order Now cin gt;gt; x gt;gt; y gt;gt; ch; b. cin gt;gt; ch gt;gt; x gt;gt; y; c. cin gt;gt; x gt;gt; ch gt;gt; y; d. cin gt;gt; x gt;gt; y; cin. get(ch); a) x=5, y=28,ch=3 b)) x = 28, y = 36, ch = 5 c) x = 5, y = 8, ch = 2 ) x = 5, y = 28 ch is assigned a value associated with blank space i. e. , ‘ ’ 2. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; char ch; What values (if any) are assigned to x, y, and ch after each of these statements execute? Assume that the input to each set of statements is as follows: 13 28 D 14 E 98 A B 56 a. cin gt;gt; x gt;gt; y; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘); cin gt;gt; ch; b. cin gt;gt; x; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘); cin gt;gt; y; cin. ignore(50, ‘ ‘); cin. get(ch); a) x = 13, y = 28, ch = 1 ) x = 13, y = 14, ch = A 3. Suppose you are given the following variable declarations: int x, y; double z; char ch; Assume you have the following input statement: cin gt;gt; x gt;gt; y gt;gt; ch gt;gt; z; What values (if any) are stored in x, y, z, and ch if the input is: a. 35 62. 78 b. 86 32A 92. 6 c. 12 . 45A 32 3) a) x = 35 y = 62 ch = . z = 78 b) x = 86 y = 32 ch = A z = 9206 C) x = 12 4. Write a C++ statement that uses the manipulator ‘setfill’ to output a line containing 35 asterisk characters. 4) cout How to cite Comp122 Week 2 Homework, Papers

Extension of Transformational–Transactional Leadership Theory

Question: Discuss about the Extension of TransformationalTransactional Leadership Theory? Answer: The theories of leadership have been long a subject of interest in the history of humankind. However, in the recent times, many leadership theories have emerged formally. Earlier theories of leadership were based on the qualities of the followers and leaders that distinguished them whereas the recent theories emphasize on the prospective of skill levels and situational factors (Miner 2015). In case of vignette 1, the Romanian general manager was taking notes on his tablet computer. This was an unusual situation for him and he is not known to do the same. However, when the fire alarm went off, the managers remained silent. Although they were great leaders of the global company, yet they forgot their responsibility of giving out orders that were probably because of the presence of the big boss from Munich. They kept low of their normal behavior of giving orders but they failed to do the same. This in turn states that there is variability in their leadership qualities (Kenney 2012). This trait is found in the Contingency leadership theory and it focuses on the variable environment, which determines the type of leadership that is to be followed according to the situation. No particular leadership style is followed throughout the work tenure but it changes with the situations. This is due to the reason that the general manager from Romania believes that success is dependent on a list of variables like the situation aspects, leadership styles and qualities of the followers (Nohria and Khurana 2013). In case of vignette 2, Michael is an excellent analyst and he has performed well over the years. He is an extremely responsible person regarding his tasks and does not rely on new comers and inexperienced employees regarding critical jobs. He strongly believes that if he does not get involved personally in all the tasks, the quality of work might suffer. However, a feedback from his followers was not very satisfactory. Although he is an outstanding analyst, he is not that capable as a leader. He does not explain the task promptly to his team members and he distributes the work unevenly. Moreover, his team members feel that he was better as an analyst. This is a trait of the behavioral theory of leadership. According to this theory, great leaders are not born rather they are made. The theory focuses on the fact that the actions of the leaders have to be taken into account and not his internal states or mental qualities (Chemers 2014). Although Michael is a great analyst, but he has to learn the qualities of a great leader by observation and teaching for overcoming his shortfalls as a leader. In case of vignette 3, the husband explains his wife about his day in office. He had a tough day in office while listening to the advice of the trainers regarding the topic of optimization of supplier relationships. Everyone contributed and shared their opinions and ideas about the potential supplier that they were all discussing. Although the husband was aware of the fact that his boss hates the company, yet he continued the discussion and encouraged others to forward their opinions. This style of leadership accords to the participative theory of leadership, where the leader considers others inputs. They encourage the contribution and participation of the members of the group and help them to feel more committed and relevant in the process of decision-making. In this theory of leadership, the people become more committed towards their actions and their inclusion in the process of decision-making makes them feel more collaborative towards the goal of the discussion (Lam, Huang and Ch an 2015). In case of vignette 6, Margarita strongly believes that the managers should be evaluated by their ability to develop and grow their subordinates. She groomed and developed her direct report Nicholas and he later became a successful employee. During the process, she spent hours with him with his presentations and reports prepared by him and exploring ways for correcting his mistakes. This style of leadership relates to the relationship theory of leadership, also known as transformational theory. This theory emphasizes upon the relationships formed between the followers and the leaders. They inspire and motivate people by helping them to see the higher good and importance of their role (Popper and Mayseless 2013). The leaders stress on the individual performances with the additional duty of fulfilling their potential. These leaders possess high moral and ethical standards. Although Margarita was a good leader with Nicholas, she was not that satisfied with Eugene that apparently raged h er. Vignette 2 Michael has been widely regarded as an excellent analyst. Although he is very successful as an analyst, he gets a setback as a leader due to the issues of uneven workload distribution and improper explanation of tasks. The assessment comments state that he should continue as an analyst as he loves his work the most. This failure of Michael can be justified from the fact behavioral theory of leadership has to be followed by him for enhancing their effectiveness as a leader (Derue et al. 2011). Since Michael has been promoted to a manager because of his outstanding abilities, now he has to learn the leadership skills by observation and teachings to become a good leader. Great leaders are often made and they are seldom born (Gavetti 2012). Behavioral theory will help Michael to become a great leader. Successful leadership can be developed by learnable behavior and is definable. The leaders here observe success as describable action and so it makes it easy for them to act in a similar fashion. They learn to assess the actions of the other leaders and their success stories. The behaviors that contributed towards failure also help them to shape up as great leaders. An action plan has to be developed for Michael to help him become an effective leader. Since the beginning of his employment, Michael has been an outstanding analyst. However, he prefers to do the work of the absent employees rather than trusting on his team members. Moreover, he double-checks every task before passing them on to the management. Therefore, he has to build a relationship of faith and trust with his employees to become a better leader without which, he will never be able to build a relationship of faith and trust that is very essential for a successful leader (Goetsch and Davis 2014). He needs to spend time with his team members and make them understand the tasks promptly by taking out some time from his busy schedule. Better distribution of tasks reduces the workload and every team member gets engaged. This has to be a prime objective of Michael to reduce dissatisfaction and encourage deeper relationships and trusts for inspiring them to have faith in him. Reading boo ks on leaderships, being trained and observing other leaders will also help him to develop his leadership skills. Vignette 4 The husband is a good leader and has shown good leadership skills during his discussion with the trainers. He was advised in the training session that the mangers need to apply a variety of styles depending on the situation and the followers. Based on this, he tried to apply his training on his discussion with the trainers. During the discussion, he applied the participative theory of leadership (Buengeler, Homan and Voelpel 2016). However, that did not work as everyone participated in the discussion and forwarded their views but they were not aware of the fact that it was of no good use. The division senior vice president hated the company and would have never allowed doing business with the potential supplier. In spite of knowing this fact, the husband applied the participative theory of leadership and allowed to continue the discussion, which he later repented to his wife, as he was late for dinner. The heads of production and purchasing enthusiastically expressed their interest regarding the new supplier, but the HR manager did not show any interest. This suggests that perhaps he was expecting his views and wanted him to join the discussion as well. However, his theory of leadership did not come out to be fruitful. The action plan for the husband to enhance his leadership skills shall include the change of his leadership theory from participative to situational theory. This theory proposes that the suitable action course has to be chosen by the leaders depending upon the variable situation. Different leadership styles have to be implemented for different decision-making situations (Dinh et al. 2014). An authoritarian style can be most appropriate when the leader is the most experienced and knowledgeable among the group members while democratic style can be the most effective one if the group members are found to be skilled experts. The situational leadership theory was advised to the husband during the training session. Since the husband is, the most experienced and knowledgeable group member on the discussion panel as he had prior experiences of working with his boss, his chosen action plan should be authoritarian leadership style for the situational leadership theory (Van Wart 2014). For avoi ding unnecessary waste of time by discussing over issues that have no results, this can be the action plan of choice by becoming authoritative. Vignette 3 According to the conversation between A and B in London, the conflicts in Prague were not an ordinary and easy one. In accordance with the issue, manager A suggested to fire both the commercial and production managers as he supposed that they were not competent enough to resolve their own issues. This was not a case of abusing his power, but he demonstrated management leadership theory. Management theory is also called as transactional theory and emphasizes on the group performance, organization and supervision. This leadership theory is based on the system of punishments and rewards (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). In its application in business, the employees are rewarded when they are successful and they are punished and reprimanded when they fail. Manager A had the belief that employees perform best only when they work under pressure and threats. This is also a perspective of the management theory of leadership, which states that both punishments and rewards motivate the employees an d they perform best only when they are commanded over in a clear and definite manner. Transactional leadership is based on directing and motivating the employees for satisfying their self-interest. They obtain this power from the responsibility and formal authority in the organization and they regard that the prime objective of the employees should be obeying the instructions of the managers. This is what manager A expects from both the managers at Prague. However, the biggest disadvantage of this type of leadership theory is that it cannot be observed as an ethical theory as manager A has no respect for the ethical values and beliefs or rights and dignity of his employees (Antonakis and House 2014). His leadership style will never allow him to set good standards and expectations to maximize the productivity and efficiency of the organization. The employees are also not encouraged to find innovative solutions or exhibit their creativity. Vignette 4 The division senior vice president of the company hates the potential new supplier because of an issue that goes back in history. This is a feeling of vengeance and has nothing to do with the leadership theories. In other words, the senior VP is abusing his power by not allowing the new supplier to enter the business when everyone else is very excited. An old incident drives him crazy by the name of the company simply states that he has a grudge for this company because of which, he will never allow to use the supplier under any circumstances. This is not an ethical leadership and the husband in the vignette realized that he would not value the opinions of the trainers and managers regarding their choice. This misidentification of values may lead to mistrust in the organization (Blundell 2015). The managers and trainers were not aware of the fact that the senior VP hated the company, so they carried on the discussion. After knowing the fact, their enthusiasm died and they left immedi ately. This suggests that the values and intentions of the VP are not clear to all the employees and he is abusing his powers regarding the selection of the supplier (Mohr 2013). For the sake of organizational growth, the senior VP should take into account the opinion of others. References Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013.Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Blundell, A., 2015. The seven essentials of leadership development.development. Buengeler, C., Homan, A.C. and Voelpel, S.C., 2016. The challenge of being a young manager: The effects of contingent reward and participative leadership on teamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level turnover depend on leader age.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. DERUE, D.S., NAHRGANG, J.D., WELLMAN, N. HUMPHREY, S.E. 2011, "TRAIT AND BEHAVIORAL THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP: AN INTEGRATION AND METAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ANALYTIC TEST OF THEIR RELATIVE VALIDITY",Personnel Psychology,vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 7-52. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Gavetti, G., 2012. PERSPECTIVEToward a behavioral theory of strategy.Organization Science,23(1), pp.267-285. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Kenney, M.T. 2012, "Evolutionary leadership theory",Journal of Leadership Studies,vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 85-89. Lam, C.K., Huang, X. and Chan, S.C., 2015. The threshold effect of participative leadership and the role of leader information sharing.Academy of Management Journal,58(3), pp.836-855. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mohr, J.M. 2013, "Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Harmful Leadership with a Moral Faade",Journal of Leadership Studies,vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 18-32. Nohria, N. and Khurana, R. eds., 2013.Handbook of leadership theory and practice: An HBS centennial colloquium on advancing leadership. Harvard Business Press. Popper, M. and Mayseless, O., 2013. Addendum: Additional Insights Derived from Associating Attachment theory with Leadership.Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead,5, pp.265-268. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

Paper Is To Evaluate and Analyze Advocacyâ€Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Paper Is To Evaluate and Analyze Advocacy? Answer: Introduction The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and analyze advocacy policies in the health care sector. Advocacy policies are different from public policies since the advocacy policies are formulated and championed by nongovernmental organizations and other bodies that may be involved or concerned about a particular issue in the health sector(Rollins Hart,2013). Advocacy group identify issues in the health sector in a particular society and take action to bring about change that will solve the problem. This includes calling upon the government to intervene and make programs and policies that will help to resolve the problem. This paper discusses ways in which health issues organization has been able to advocate for policies in the health sector. The policy evaluates the issue of improving quality assurance and safety standards in Victoria. The paper also analyzes ways in which the policy will help in improving health sector among the people of Victoria. The analysis is carried out using the Ottawa charter framework. The Ottawa Charter for Health promotion is an international agreement which was signed at the first International Conference on Health Promotion. It was organized by the World Health Organization and held in Ottawa Canada in November 1986. The agreement launched a series of actions among many organizations in the health sector globally. The local communities and national governments were also involved in implementation of the agreement. The goal of the agreement was to achieve Health For All by the year 2000 and beyond by promoting better health services(Nass, LevitGostin,2009). Background and history of the organization Health issues Center is a nongovernmental organization that operates in Australia. Its membership is community based with most of its members being residents of Victoria. The organization aims at ensuring involvement of consumers in advocating for health issues in Victoria. The organization is involved in many policy advocacy programs as well as health promotion program through training program. WHO is an acronym to World Health Organization which works under the United Nations. The main objective of WHO is promoting and advocating for health issues and formulation of international policies to govern health care sector in order to improve health care services delivery. WHO is a specialized agency under the United Nations and it is concerned with promotion of health globally. It was established in Geneva in the year 1948. It was preceded by Health Organization which was an agency under the League of Nations. WHO has played a major role in eradication of diseases such as small pox. The current priorities of WHO is the fight against communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and Tuberculosis. The agency is also concerned with nutritional issues, substance and drug abuse, reproductive health, food security and occupational health. In the 1986, UN member countries signed an agreement on promotion of Health. This agreement would later come to be known as the Ottawa charter. The c harter emphasized on the importance of a joint and coordinated effort to promote health across all the member countries. The main areas of focus in the charter include building of health care policies and strengthening community action and participation in Health care. The Ottawa charter therefore is under WHO and its implementation and evaluation has been done by WHO for all the years it has existed. Objectives of improving quality assurance and safety standards in Victorian hospitals The policy of ensuring customers is involved in assessing the quality assurance and safety standards in Victoria. It is important for the consumers of health services who include individuals and family members to be involved in formulation of policies and decision making concerning their health (Talbot Verrinder, 2010). The policy on strengthening quality assurance and safety standards in Victorian hospital aims at ensuring that the quality of services offered to patients is of the highest standards possible. This is because sometimes consumers of medical services are not able to get high quality medical services due to various reasons. Some of these reasons include negligence by hospital staff. By ensuring that the quality and safety standards are improved in Victoria, the number of deaths as a result of poor quality services and poor standards in Victorian hospitals will reduce. Another objective of this policy advocacy is to ensure that patients or consumers of health services are treated in a very clean and hygienic environment. Poor hygiene is one of the leading causes of diseases among many people in Victoria. It is therefore very important that hospitals are able to maintain high levels of hygiene so as to reduce infections in hospitals (McCormick In Blair, 2014). The policy on advocacy for improved quality assurance and standards in Victoria aims at ensuring that consumers of health service get value for their money. The hospitals in Victoria charge a lot of money for medical services. It is therefore important that customers get value for their money. This can only happen by improving quality standards as well as safety in Hospitals (Nay,Garratt Fetherstonhaugh, 2013). Quality medical services will help patients to recover quickly from the illnesses they suffer and after that, they are able to resume their normal lives. By improving safety standards in Victorian hospitals, there will be increased public confidence in the public health sector. This is because the patients will be assured of safety when undergoing operations and other medical procedures that are normally very risky. Achieving improved quality and safety assurance in Victorian hospitals will also help to contribute to positive social and economic change. This is because, good health is an important asset to all people and once the quality standards have been improved in hospitals, it means that Victorians will receive good medical care. Good medical care will ensure that Victorians remain healthy and contribute to development of the society and economy since good health is crucial for productivity. Analysis of contribution of the improvement of quality assurance and safety standards to improving health in Victoria based on Ottawa charter The policy on improving quality assurance and safety standards will help in promotion of improved health policies in Victoria. This is because once the policy issue has been implemented it will contribute to development of other policies in the health sector that will promote improved health standards. The Ottawa charter aimed at promoting advocacy of health policies throughout the world. Good health is a major resource for financial, economic, and personal development. This therefore means various factors that such as behavioral and environmental have either a positive or negative effect on the health of an individual (Healy Dugdale,2009). Through the Ottawa charter WHO aims at promoting and ensuring that these factors are favorable so that the health of all the people can be improved equally. The policy of improving quality assurance and safety standards in all Victorian hospitals will promote coordination between various sectors of the government and private sector which are required to achieve the objective. The Ottawa charter aimed at ensuring coordination of various sectors that contribute to improvement of health. Coordination is important because, there are many other factors that determine health. Ottawa charter promotes mediation and good understanding with governments, media, local community, families, and other social players who are fundamental in fulfilling the overall aim of the charter of Health for All. Professional groups are involved in the integration and coordination of all activities that are geared towards achieving health for all. Ottawa charter also indicates that health promotion programs and policies should be adapted to the needs of the individual countries and community needs (World Health Organization2007). This is because of the economic, soci al and environment differences between regions. Another objective of the charter is building healthy public policy. The charter puts health at the top of the agenda in all sectors and levels of in a community. Health promotion policy by Ottawa and the WHO combines diverse and complimentary approaches which includes legislation, organizational change, and fiscal policies. Taxation is also an important policy issue when it comes to promotion of health (Hughes United States, 2008). This is because if drugs and medicines are highly taxed, it may become difficult for most people to afford basic health services. WHO works with governments to ensure that legislation enacted in each countries promote health needs of the society. By improving quality and safety standards in Victoria, the people of Victoria will have a better say in health care matters by improving community action. Hospitals operate in society and therefore, it is important that the hospitals allow the community in having a say on the safety standards and quality that they desire in their hospitals. This will ensure the health needs of Victorians are fulfilled. Strengthening of community action is another major objective of the Ottawa Charter. In order for the organization to achieve its goal of health for all, it is vital to ensure there is effective community action in decision making and planning. Communities should be empowered to participate actively in promoting their own health needs through training and mentorship (Pairman,2015). The importance of community action in health promotion is that the people living in the community have deeper knowledge of the health issues that they face. In order to solve these problems, it is important t o involve the people in the community since change cannot be achieved without their cooperation. The policy advocacy for improved quality assurance and safety standards in Victorian hospitals will promote personal development. This is in line with the Ottawa charter objective of developing personal skills. Improved quality standards and safety will in improvement of social and personal development through provision of information in health issues affecting the people of Victoria. Improved quality standards will help the people to understand factors that trigger diseases in their life so that they can prevent these diseases(Talbot Verrinder,2010). Through this policy, Victorians will be informed chronic diseases and how they affect their lives as well as ways in which they can be managed. Through the policy of improved quality assurance and safety standards, Victorians will be able to enjoy professional counseling and guidance for patients with psychological issues. The current system focuses on physical injuries only and doers not factor in the psychological effects that some diseases and illnesses have on the patients (Aguirre, Borrell Vega, 2010). This policy will ensure all hospitals have highly trained and equipped psychologists who will offer services to patients in need of psychological support and counseling. This will help people suffering from diseases such as HIV/AIDS and cancer to accept their condition and move on with life while managing the disease to reduce its effects. This is in line with the Ottawa charter which calls for improved health in all sectors not only physical injuries and illnesses. The charter aimed at ensuring all people receive sufficient and necessary health care at all times and therefore, this policy will contribute towards achievem ent of that objective. The policy on advocacy for improved quality assurance and safety standards will help to ensure all the people living in Victoria receive quality medical services irrespective of their income levels and social status. This will be attained since all the hospitals will be required to adhere to the standards that will be set by the relevant authorities in collaboration with other stakeholders in the health sector (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2011). All the hospitals will be required to implement all measures outlined in the policy to improve quality standards and therefore irrespective of the reputation of a hospital, it will offer services that meet the required threshold. This policy is aligned perfectly with the Ottawa charter objective of ensuring equality in health promotion. The charter aimed at ensuring that people of all economic backgrounds, social backgrounds and all races get equal opportunities and services that will help to promote their heal th. Therefore even the people of Victoria who are not capable of paying for expensive medical services will be subjected to almost the same safety and quality standards as the rich receiving the same services in a reputable medical facility. This policy on improvement of quality assurance and safety standards in Victorian hospitals will contribute immensely to prevention of diseases among the Victorian population. This will be achieved since improved quality standards in Victorian hospitals will involve providing patients with important advice and information that will help them to prevent some diseases. Information dissemination is important in the health care alone and treatment is not the only role of hospitals in Australia (Hanlon, Carlisle Lyon, 2012). Therefore, hospitals should take all the necessary steps and actions to educate patients on ways in which they can prevent the occurrence of disease such as Cholera, typhoid and other common diseases which are preventable (Willis, Reynolds Keleher, 2009). This policy will therefore reduce the instances of sicknesses which will help to reduce congestion in hospital in Victoria as well as reducing death and suffering among Victorians. The Ottawa charter prioritizes sen sitization and equipping people with the right and sufficient information as one of the ways by which health for all can be achieved. Therefore the new policy will ensure patients are provided with all the right information and advice which will help to prevent diseases among Victorians. This will be a major step towards achieving the overall objective of Health for All. Recommendations The government should ensure that all hospitals in Victoria have very highly trained qualified and competent medical staff. This is because the competence and experience of medicals staff is very crucial in achieving improved quality and safety standards in Victoria. The life of patients is usually in the hands of doctors and other medical staff and therefore, it is important to ensure that all the people working in Victorian hospitals are highly trained and qualified (Cattaneo, 2010) The government should ensure fair distribution of resources so as to promote improved quality and safety standards. Not all hospitals in Victoria will afford the resources to meet all the quality assurance standards and therefore it is important for the government to intervene and offer support to smaller hospitals so that they dont find themselves in a disadvantaged position. Government should ensure that all the hospitals uses medical technology and machines which are up to date and well function. This will help to reduce cases of misdiagnosis and also improve general medical care in Victoria. The government should appoint a board to oversee the implementation of all the requirements in the new Quality assurance standards in Victorian hospitals. This will ensure that the does not remain a policy in paper but also ensure that its implemented and its objectives are met. Conclusion Quality assurance and safety standards are important policy issue not only in Victoria but also in the whole of Australia. It is important that the government keeps on reviewing quality assurance and safety standards in hospitals so as to make sure that all the arising issues are catered for in the new standards and safety requirements. This paper analyzes the policy issue of quality assurance and safety standards in Victoria and how the implementation of this policy could help achieve the goals outlined in the Ottawa charter. The paper also highlights the possible courses of action that the government can take to improve health care in relation to this advocacy issue. References Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2011). National safety and quality health service standards. Sydney: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Aguirre-Molina, M., Borrell, L. N., Vega, W. (2010). Health issues in Latino males: A social and structural approach. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press. Cattaneo, O. (2010). International trade in services: New trends and opportunities for developing countries. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Hanlon, P., Carlisle, S., Lyon, A. (2012). The Future Public Health. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education. Healy, J., Dugdale, P. (2009). Patient safety first: Responsive regulation in health care. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen Unwin. Hughes, R., United States. (2008). Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Hernandez, L. M., Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2013). 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